By- Dr Faisal B Nahdi, MD (Peds), DCH, PGDHHM, Pediatrician, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad.

Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral infection, poses a significant health threat, especially to children. Recognizing severe dengue early can be life-saving. This article delves into the critical warning signs and emergency care necessary to combat this menace.

Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus manifests in two forms: dengue fever and severe dengue, the latter being more dangerous, particularly for children. Another report by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) highlights that children under 15 represent a significant portion of India's dengue cases. This vulnerability stems from their developing immune systems, making them more susceptible to severe complications.

Dengue's initial symptoms can be deceiving. Symptoms like fever, headache, and fatigue may appear like a common childhood illness. However, for some children, the illness takes a sinister turn, morphing into severe dengue. Early detection becomes paramount in navigating this critical juncture.

Children may also experience intense pain behind the eyes and muscle pain, making them unusually irritable. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are common, sometimes leading to dehydration. Bleeding tendencies, such as nosebleeds or gum bleeding, and skin rashes signal worsening conditions. Fatigue and restlessness are critical signs that the body is struggling.

Any form of bleeding, from nosebleeds to blood in vomit or stool, is a red flag. This signifies a compromised ability to form blood clots, a potential consequence of severe dengue. Persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, and unusual bleeding tendencies demand immediate medical attention. These symptoms often signal a more aggressive form of the disease, requiring swift action from parents.

Immediate action is crucial. Ensure the child is hydrated, oral rehydration solutions can be a lifesaver. Seek medical attention promptly. In severe cases, hospitalization is necessary for intravenous fluids and close monitoring. Medical interventions may include platelet transfusions and medications to manage symptoms. Treatment for severe dengue focuses on supportive care, managing symptoms, and preventing complications. This may involve intravenous fluids, medications to manage bleeding, and close monitoring of vital signs.

The best defence against dengue is prevention. Preventing dengue starts with controlling mosquito populations. Use mosquito nets, and repellents, and eliminate standing water where mosquitoes breed. Community awareness campaigns can educate the public on prevention strategies.

Remember, dengue in children, while initially mimicking a common illness, can take a sharp turn. By arming yourself with knowledge of the warning signs and the importance of seeking immediate medical attention, you can become your child's strongest advocate in the fight against this stealthy foe.

Recognizing the warning signs of severe dengue in children and knowing the emergency care steps can save lives. Stay vigilant, take preventive measures, and ensure prompt medical care to combat this serious health threat.

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