Blood clots in the brain, medically known as cerebral thrombosis or embolism, pose serious health risks and can lead to life-threatening conditions such as stroke. These clots block the blood flow to the brain, depriving it of oxygen and essential nutrients, which can cause significant and permanent damage. Different types of blood clots can affect the brain. Hence, to understand the condition better, we got in touch with a health expert who shares symptoms, types and treatment options.

Dr Vipul Gupta, Group Director and HOD – Neurointervention, Paras Hospital, Gurugram

shares it is essential to identify the signs of a brain blood clot to receive emergency medical assistance. Typical indicators consist of:

- Sudden Severe Headache: Frequently referred to as the worst headache one has ever had.

- Neurological Deficits: Abrupt numbness or weakness, particularly affecting one side of the body.

- Visual Issues: Abrupt loss of vision or double vision.

- Speech Difficulties: Having trouble speaking or speaking slowly.

- Dizziness and Confusion: An abrupt sensation of lightheadedness, unsteadiness, or disorientation.

- Seizures: An inexplicable seizure may indicate a cerebral blood clot.

Types Of Blood Clots

Dr Vipul Gupta shares that types of blood clots in the brain can be categorized based on their origin and location:

1. Thrombotic Stroke: This happens when a blood clot blocks blood flow in an artery leading to the brain.

2. Embolic Stroke: An embolus that originates in another part of the body, usually the heart, makes its way to the brain and obstructs it.

3. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST): An uncommon kind in which a thrombus forms in the venous sinuses of the brain, blocking the flow of blood out of the brain.

What Leads To Blood Clots In The Brain?

Dr Vipul Gupta explains several factors can contribute to the formation of blood clots in the brain, including:

- Atherosclerosis: The buildup of plaques in the arteries can lead to clot formation.

- Atrial Fibrillation: An irregular heartbeat can cause blood clots to form in the heart, which can then travel to the brain.

- Genetic Disorders: Conditions like Factor V Leiden increase the risk of clotting.

- Injury and Surgery: Trauma or surgical procedures can increase the risk of clot formation.

- Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to the development of blood clots.

Dr Vipul Gupta shares that immediate treatment for a blood clot in the brain is crucial to minimize brain damage and improve outcomes. Treatment options include:

- Medication: If given within a few hours of the commencement of symptoms, thrombolytics, also known as "clot-busting" medications, can dissolve clots. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs stop the formation of new clots.

- Surgical Interventions: To expand the narrowed artery or remove a clot manually, thrombectomy and angioplasty are two procedures that may be required in specific situations.

- Supportive Care: Following a stroke, patients frequently need rehabilitation, which includes speech, occupational, and physical therapy, to aid in their recovery and return to function.