Non-stick pans have become a kitchen staple due to their convenience and ease of cleaning. However, did you know that there is a hidden danger in these handy cookware items that many people are unaware of is Teflon flu, also known as polymer fume fever. This condition can occur when non-stick pans are overheated, releasing toxic fumes that can cause flu-like symptoms. Over the past two decades, poison centres in the United States have documented over 3,600 suspected cases of "polymer fume fever," a flu-like illness associated with the chemical coating on certain nonstick pans, according to a new report by the Washington Post.

In 2023, 267 suspected cases were reported, one of the highest annual totals since 2000, as per America's Poison Centers, a nonprofit organization overseeing 55 U.S. poison centres.

“Nonstick pans in general are sometimes coated with forever chemicals. When these are heated to a very high temperature —over 500 degrees F—the coating can become volatile and people can inhale PFAS (forever chemicals) fumes,” explains Jamie Alan, PhD, an associate professor of pharmacology and toxicology at Michigan State University.

Teflon flu is a condition caused by inhaling fumes released from overheated non-stick cookware coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), commonly known as Teflon. When these pans are heated above 500 degrees F (260 degrees C), they can emit toxic particles and gases, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other chemicals. These fumes can cause symptoms similar to the flu, hence the name Teflon flu.

The symptoms of Teflon flu usually appear within a few hours of exposure and can include:

Headache: A sudden onset of headaches can be one of the first signs.

Fever and Chills: You might experience a high fever accompanied by chills.

Nausea: A feeling of sickness and vomiting can occur.

Sore Throat: Irritation and discomfort in the throat.

Coughing and Shortness of Breath: Respiratory symptoms similar to those of a cold or flu.

Chest Tightness: A feeling of pressure or tightness in the chest area.

These symptoms are generally short-lived and resolve within 48 hours once the exposure to the fumes stops. However, repeated exposure can lead to more severe health issues.

The primary cause of Teflon flu is the overheating of non-stick cookware. Cooking at high temperatures, especially above 500 degrees F (260 degrees C), is the main risk factor. Other factors include:

- Leaving a pan unattended on high heat: This is a common cause of overheating.

- Using non-stick pans in the oven: Some non-stick pans are not oven-safe and can release fumes if placed in an oven.

- Using damaged or old non-stick cookware: Scratches and wear can make the pans more prone to releasing fumes.

To prevent Teflon flu, it’s crucial to use non-stick cookware safely and responsibly. Here are some tips to help you avoid exposure to toxic fumes:

- Cook at Lower Temperatures: Avoid cooking on high heat. Use low to medium heat settings for non-stick pans.

- Ventilate Your Kitchen: Always cook in a well-ventilated area. Use exhaust fans or open windows to disperse any fumes.

- Do Not Preheat Empty Pans: Preheating an empty non-stick pan can cause it to overheat quickly. Always have food or liquid in the pan before heating.

- Replace Damaged Cookware: If your non-stick pans are scratched, chipped, or peeling, replace them. Damaged pans are more likely to release fumes.

- Use Alternative Cookware: Consider using cookware made from materials like stainless steel, cast iron, or ceramic, which do not have the same risks associated with Teflon.

If you suspect you have been exposed to fumes from an overheated non-stick pan and are experiencing symptoms of Teflon flu, it’s important to:

- Move to Fresh Air: Leave the area where the fumes are present and get fresh air immediately.

- Hydrate: Drink plenty of fluids to help flush the toxins from your system.

- Rest: Allow your body to recover by getting adequate rest.

- Seek Medical Attention: If symptoms are severe or persist beyond 48 hours, seek medical advice. While Teflon flu is usually not life-threatening, it’s essential to rule out other potential causes of your symptoms.