Debosmita Ghosh • 27 Jul 2024
World Head And Neck Cancer Day: Doctor Shares Causes Of The Disease As 2.1 Million New Cases Projected By 2040
World Head And Neck Cancer Day
World Head and Neck Cancer Day is observed every year on July 27. The day aims to raise awareness about the disease and ways to prevent the disease. It is one of the most common forms of cancer globally. According to a report by GLOBOCAN, India is expected to have 2.1 million new head and neck cancer cases by 2040. This is a 57.5% jump from 2020.
Head and neck cancer usually occurs in people over the age of 40, however, it can also affect people at an early age.
Speaking to Times Now, Dr Sanjay Deshmukh, Director of Surgical Oncology at Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune said that these cancers are relatively rare compared to others, and understanding their causes and risk factors is crucial for prevention and early detection.
Read on to take a look at some of the causes and risk factors of head and neck cancer.
Tobacco Use
- Smoking: Cigarettes, cigars and pipes are well-known risk factors for head and neck cancers. The carcinogens present in tobacco smoke can damage the cells in the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, causing cancer.
- Chewing Tobacco: Also known as smokeless tobacco, chewing tobacco is equally hazardous. It can cause cancer in the oral cavity and is linked to leukoplakia, a precancerous condition.
Alcohol Consumption
Excessive consumption of alcohol is a significant risk factor, particularly when combined with tobacco use. The combination of alcohol and tobacco has a synergistic effect, dramatically increasing the risk of developing head and neck cancers.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
Certain strains of HPV, notably HPV-16 are associated with cancers of the oropharynx, a part of the throat. HPV infection can lead to cell changes that may eventually develop into cancer.
Chronic Irritation
- Oral Irritants: Chronic irritation from poorly fitting dentures or rough teeth can increase the risk of oral cancers. These irritants can cause persistent inflammation and cell damage.
- Occupational Exposure: Regular exposure to harmful substances like asbestos or formaldehyde in the workplace can also contribute to the risk of head and neck cancers.
Dietary Factors
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Diets low in fruits and vegetables are linked to an increased risk of head and neck cancer. Nutritional deficiencies may impair the body's ability to repair damaged cells and fend off cancer.
- Hot and Spicy Foods: Some studies suggest that the regular consumption of hot and spicy foods might contribute to an increased risk of cancer in certain individuals, though more research is needed in this area.
Genetic Predisposition
People who have a family history of head and neck cancers may have a higher susceptibility due to inherited genetic factors. Genetic predisposition can play a role in predisposing individuals to these cancers.
Sun Exposure
Prolonged and frequent exposure to sunlight can increase the risk of lip cancer, as the lips are particularly sensitive to UV radiation.
Poor Oral Hygiene
Chronic infections, poor dental health and inadequate oral hygiene can contribute to an elevated risk of oral cancers. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices are important for reducing risk.
Immune System Disorders
Conditions or medications that weaken the immune system can make people more vulnerable to developing cancer. A compromised immune system may be less effective at identifying and destroying cancerous cells.
Age and Gender
The risk of head and neck cancer increases with age. Most cases are diagnosed in individuals over the age of 50. Also, men are generally at a higher risk than women, likely due to higher rates of tobacco and alcohol use among men.