Liver cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Liver cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of your liver. It is a disease that affects millions of people across the globe. According to World Cancer Research Fund International, it is the 6th most common cancer worldwide. Also, it is the 5th most common cancer in men and the 9th most common cancer in women. There were more than 866,136 new cases of liver cancer in 2022.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) says that liver cancer is the fourth biggest cause of cancer deaths in South-East Asia and the second most common cause of cancer deaths among men. The agency also said that liver cancer deaths are set to double by 2050 to over 200,000 deaths every year.

Mayo Clinic says that there are several types of cancer that form in the liver. “The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma, which begins in the main type of liver cell (hepatocyte).”

There are several factors that increase your risk of liver cancer. Here, take a look at some of the risk factors of liver cancer.

When you’re infected with hepatitis B or C viruses, it increases the risk of liver cancer. These viruses can cause liver inflammation and damage leading to cirrhosis and eventually, liver cancer. Vaccination for hepatitis B and antiviral treatments for hepatitis C can reduce this risk.

Cirrhosis, the scarring of liver tissue due to long-term damage is a risk factor for liver cancer. Causes of cirrhosis include chronic alcohol abuse, hepatitis infections and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Managing these conditions can help prevent liver cancer.

NAFLD happens when there’s excess fat accumulation in the liver which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and eventually liver cancer. Risk factors for NAFLD include obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Aflatoxins are toxic substances that are produced by certain moulds found in poorly stored grains and nuts. Consuming foods contaminated with aflatoxins can increase your risk of liver cancer, especially in regions with poor food storage practices.

People who have type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of developing liver cancer, which happens due to conditions like NAFLD and obesity. Management of diabetes through medication, diet and exercise can help lower the risk of liver cancer.

Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage and cirrhosis and increase your risk of liver cancer. Limiting alcohol intake is important for liver health and reducing the risk of liver cancer.

A family history of liver cancer or inherited liver diseases such as hemochromatosis or Wilson’s disease can increase your risk of liver cancer. Regular monitoring and early intervention for those with a genetic predisposition can help detect and manage potential liver problems before they progress to cancer.