Scientists have developed the world’s first urine test capable of detecting early indicators of lung cancer. Lung cancer is often diagnosed in advanced stages when treatment options are limited and less effective. Early detection is crucial to improving survival rates, but current methods are expensive and not always accessible.

Researchers from the University of Cambridge and the Early Cancer Institute are addressing this gap with their pioneering test, which identifies “zombie” cell proteins—biological markers that appear during the initial stages of lung cancer.

Zombie cells, or senescent cells, are damaged cells that remain alive in the body but no longer grow or divide. These cells can alter their surroundings, creating conditions that promote the development of cancer.

The team developed an injectable sensor that reacts with proteins excreted by zombie cells in lung tissue. This interaction releases a compound into the urine, which can be easily detected.

How Does the Test Work?

The test involves injecting a sensor probe into the body. The probe is designed to detect a specific protein released by zombie cells. When the probe encounters the protein, it splits into two parts. One part is excreted through the urine and becomes visible with a silver-based solution.

Professor Ljiljana Fruk, one of the lead researchers, explains, “We identified a unique protein released by zombie cells in lung tissue and designed a probe that reacts with it. The smaller part of the probe, once in the urine, can be made visible by adding a silver solution. By monitoring the urine’s colour, we can determine if early pathological changes are occurring in the lungs that might lead to cancer.”

Unlike costly imaging scans, this test offers an affordable and non-invasive way to detect lung cancer. The team hopes it will make early diagnosis more accessible, especially in resource-limited settings.

The urine test has been successfully trialled in mice, and researchers are eager to begin human trials soon. The study, funded by Cancer Research UK, could revolutionize lung cancer diagnosis and treatment if proven effective in humans.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, claiming around 1.8 million lives annually. Survival rates are particularly grim for those with advanced stages of the disease. By detecting cancer early, this test could significantly improve treatment outcomes and save lives.

Professor Fruk emphasized the long-term goal: “Our aim is to create a simple urine test that can help doctors identify cancer months or even years before symptoms appear, giving patients a better chance at recovery.”

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