Gum disease might be doing more than affecting your smile—it could also be altering your brain activity and increasing the risk of cognitive decline, according to a new study. Researchers have discovered that periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease, can disrupt connections between brain regions, potentially leading to impaired brain function.

The study, led by Xiaohu Li, an associate professor of radiology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University in Hefei, China, reveals the broader health risks associated with poor oral hygiene. The findings were recently published in the Journal of Periodontology.

Using MRI scans, researchers studied the oral health and brain activity of 51 participants. Among them, 11 had healthy gums, 14 had mild gum disease, and 26 had moderate-to-severe gum disease. The results revealed that people with moderate-to-severe gum disease experienced significant changes in brain connectivity.

“These differences suggest that periodontitis may negatively affect brain function even in people with normal cognition,” the researchers stated. The changes might be attributed to inflammation triggered by gum infections. Bacteria from diseased gums can invade brain tissues, provoking an immune response. This inflammatory process has been linked to higher levels of amyloid beta deposits—a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.

The study also focused on the fact that gum disease might serve as a potential risk factor for brain damage, offering a new target for early prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. “The present study has important implications for improving not only oral health but also neurological health worldwide,” the researchers concluded.

Maintaining good dental health is critical not just for a bright smile but also for overall well-being. Here are some expert-backed tips to protect your gums and teeth while supporting brain health:

Brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque and prevent gum disease.

Visit your dentist every six months for cleanings and checkups. Professional care can help detect gum problems early.

Reduce your intake of sugary foods and beverages that promote tooth decay. Include calcium-rich foods and crunchy fruits and vegetables like apples and carrots to strengthen teeth and gums.

Smoking weakens your immune system and makes it harder to fight off gum infections. Quitting can significantly improve gum health.

- Stay Hydrated

Drink plenty of water to wash away food particles and keep saliva levels high. Saliva plays a crucial role in neutralizing acids and protecting teeth.

A mouthwash with antibacterial properties can help reduce plaque and prevent gum infections.

Watch for signs of gum disease, such as red, swollen, or bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, or loose teeth, and seek prompt treatment if needed.

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