With excessive rain in various parts of Delhi-NCR, respiratory diseases are rising. Although monsoons provide a much-needed break from the intense summer heat, they also pose several health risks, especially to the respiratory system. Growth of allergens, temperature fluctuations, and elevated humidity leads to an increase in respiratory illnesses. So how should you protect yourself?

We got in touch with Dr Kuldeep Kumar Grover, Head of Critical Care and Pulmonology - CK Birla Hospital, Gurgaon who shares common respiratory issues, their causes, symptoms, and preventative and management strategies, to reduce the health risks that come with the rainy season.

Dr Kuldeep Kumar Grover shares that the main causes of respiratory problems during the monsoon are the following reasons:

1. Increase In Humidity: The monsoon season significantly raises humidity levels, creating an ideal environment for the growth of mould and fungi. These microorganisms release spores into the air, which, when inhaled, can trigger respiratory issues, especially in individuals with asthma or allergies. A study published in the Journal of Asthma reveals that indoor mould exposure could increase the risk of respiratory symptoms and asthma attacks by up to 30 per cent in sensitive people.

2. Temperature Fluctuations: Sudden changes from hot to cold can irritate airways, triggering asthma and bronchitis. A study in the European Respiratory Journal found that temperature variability increases respiratory hospitalisations by 15 per cent, highlighting the impact of temperature fluctuations on respiratory health.

3. Airborne Pollutants: Respiratory tract irritation can result from pollutants trapped in the atmosphere as a result of heavy rainfall. The wet environment encourages the growth of plants, which release pollen into the air. The wind and rain can stir up dust and other particulates, exacerbating allergic reactions. A study in the International Archives of Allergy and Immunology highlighted that monsoon-induced changes in airborne allergens could exacerbate symptoms in individuals with allergic rhinitis and asthma.

4. Inadequate Ventilation: Shutting windows and doors to prevent precipitation might result in low indoor air quality, which exacerbates respiratory issues. During the monsoon, people tend to stay indoors more, leading to poor ventilation. This can cause indoor air pollutants, such as smoking and cooking fumes, which may lead to respiratory problems. The moisture-laden air can carry pollutants more effectively, worsening air quality. The Environmental Health Perspectives journal reveals that indoor air pollution is a significant risk factor for respiratory diseases, especially in urban areas with high population density.

5. Viral And Bacterial Infections: The damp conditions of the monsoon facilitate the spread of viral and bacterial infections. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza are common during this season, leading to respiratory tract infections. According to a report by the World Health Organization, the prevalence of respiratory infections tends to increase during the rainy season, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions.

Common Respiratory Diseases in Monsoon

Dr Kuldeep Kumar Grover shares common respiratory diseases during monsoon including:

1. Asthma: Characterized by wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing, asthma attacks can be brought on by allergens and humidity.

2. Allergic Rhinitis: Also referred to as hay fever, this illness is brought on by allergen exposure and manifests as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.

3. Bronchitis: An inflammation of the bronchial tubes causes mucus production and a chronic cough.

4. Pneumonia: An illness that causes fever, chills, and trouble breathing by inflaming the air sacs in one or both lungs.

5. Sinusitis: An inflammation of the sinuses can cause headaches, face pains, and congestion in the nose.

Symptoms to Watch Out For

Dr Kuldeep Kumar Grover explains one needs to stay extra cautious during monsoon to keep oneself safe. Here are some symptoms to watch out for.

- Persistent cough

- Wheezing and shortness of breath

- Nasal congestion and runny nose

- Itchy or watery eyes

- Chest pain and discomfort

- Fever and chills (in case of infections)

Though respiratory diseases are on the rise during monsoon, there are certain preventive measures that you can take to keep yourself safe:

1. Preserve Cleanliness: To lessen mould and dust mites, give your house a regular cleaning and disinfection.

2. Make Use of Air Purifiers: These can lessen allergens and pollution indoors.

3. Remain Hydrated: To keep your respiratory tract wet, consume a lot of water.

4. Strengthen Immunity: Eat foods high in antioxidants and vitamin C to strengthen your immune system.

5. Steer Clear of Sudden Temperature Changes: Make an effort to be in areas with consistent temperatures.

Monsoon-induced respiratory problems can be managed effectively with preventive measures and timely intervention. Dr Kuldeep shares some management tips that include:

1. Medication: Take your medications as directed to treat any underlying respiratory issues.

2. Inhaling steam: This method eases irritated airways and reduces congestion.

3. Prevent Allergen Exposure: Keep windows closed and stay inside on days with high pollen counts.

4. Humidifiers and dehumidifiers: Make use of these to keep interior humidity levels at their ideal levels.

5. Speak with a Doctor: If symptoms worsen or continue, get medical help.