Pune has recently seen a rise in cases of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), a rare but serious neurological disorder. GBS can cause muscle weakness, numbness, and even paralysis in severe cases. But what triggers this condition? Is any infection to be blamed? To understand this condition better, we got in touch with a health expert who shares the causes, symptoms, and prevention of GBS.

What is Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?

GBS occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system, leading to symptoms like muscle weakness, numbness, and in severe cases, paralysis. The exact cause of GBS is still unknown, but it is often triggered by infections, including viral or bacterial illnesses.

Symptoms to Watch For

GBS symptoms typically begin with tingling in the legs and weakness, which can quickly spread to other parts of the body. In some cases, this can lead to an inability to walk or even difficulty breathing. Prompt medical treatment is essential to prevent severe complications like respiratory failure.

Possible Triggers of GBS

Dr Aditya Gupta, Director of Neurosurgery at Artemis Hospital, explains that GBS is most commonly triggered by infections like the flu or gastroenteritis. "GBS is often associated with prior bacterial or viral infections, however, the exact cause is still unknown. Though certain vaccinations have been associated with the risk of developing GBS, the benefits of those vaccines in preventing severe infections outweigh the risk for GBS," he said.

Who Is Most At Risk?

Dr Gupta explains that although GBS can occur at any age, the majority of affected adults are older than 50 years. "While GBS can affect people of all ages, it is more common in adults, particularly those over 50. Children are less likely to develop the condition, but it can still occur. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to avoid severe outcomes," he said.

Prevention and Treatment Options

Dr Gupta shares that currently there is no specific vaccine to prevent GBS, but vaccination against common infections like the flu can help lower the risk of developing the disease. "Proper hygiene, timely vaccinations, and seeking medical attention early can all help reduce the risk of infections that trigger GBS. For treatment, therapies such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis can help reduce the immune system’s attack on the nerves and speed up recovery," he said.

Expert Advice on Preventing GBS

Dr Gupta recommends focusing on building a strong immune system and being vigilant about early symptoms of infection. "Vaccines like the flu shot or COVID-19 vaccine are crucial in preventing infections that may trigger GBS. While there is a rare chance of GBS after vaccination, the benefits far outweigh the risks," he says.

Although GBS remains a rare condition, the recent reports in Pune show the importance of awareness and early intervention. By staying up-to-date with vaccinations, maintaining good hygiene, and seeking prompt medical care, the risks of GBS can be significantly reduced.

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