There are several common bone and joint disorders, which affect millions globally and are a leading cause of disability. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 1.71 billion people suffer from musculoskeletal conditions worldwide, with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis being the most prevalent. Osteoarthritis, characterised by the degeneration of joint cartilage, affects over 32.5 million adults in the United States alone, as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease, impacts about 1 per cent of the global population, causing chronic inflammation in the joints.

We got in touch with Dr Debashish Chanda, Lead Consultant, Orthopaedics & Joint Replacement, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram who explains the causes, and symptoms of common joint disorders.

Dr Debashish Chanda explains several illnesses can affect bones and joints, leading to pain and disability.

- Osteoporosis, a condition characterised by weakened bones, increases the risk of fractures.

- Arthritis is another prevalent disorder that encompasses conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, causing joint pain and inflammation.

- Other common musculoskeletal disorders include tendinitis, bursitis, and bone fractures. These conditions can lead to significant discomfort and reduced mobility, making it essential to understand their symptoms and causes.

Dr Debashish Chanda shares that the symptoms of bone and joint disorders can vary depending on the specific condition but often include:

- Pain: Persistent or intermittent pain in the affected area is a common symptom.

- Swelling: Swelling around the joints often indicates inflammation.

- Stiffness: Many disorders result in reduced flexibility and difficulty moving the joints.

- Weakness: Decreased muscle strength surrounding the affected bones and joints can occur.

- Visible Deformities: In severe cases, noticeable deformities in bones or joints may develop, impacting physical appearance and function.

Dr Debashish Chanda shares that bone and joint disorders can arise from various causes, including:

- Ageing: Natural wear and tear over time can lead to disorders like osteoarthritis.

- Genetics: A family history of bone and joint issues can increase an individual's risk.

- Injuries: Traumatic injuries can damage bones, joints, and surrounding tissues, potentially leading to long-term issues.

- Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis occur when the immune system attacks joint tissues.

- Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can invade bones and joints, resulting in conditions like septic arthritis.

Dr Debashish Chanda explains several factors can heighten the risk of developing bone and joint disorders:

- Age: The likelihood of experiencing joint and bone problems increases with age.

- Gender: Women, especially post-menopausal, are more susceptible to osteoporosis.

- Lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can negatively impact bone and joint health.

- Obesity: Excess weight puts additional stress on joints, particularly those in the knees and hips.

- Occupation: Jobs that involve heavy lifting or repetitive motions can increase the risk of joint damage.

Dr Debashish Chanda shares that maintaining bone and joint health requires a proactive approach. This includes:

- Regular physical activity, including weightlifting and strength training, is crucial for building and maintaining bone density.

- Maintaining a healthy weight reduces the strain on joints, while a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D supports bone health.

- Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption is also important, as both can weaken bones.

- Proper posture and ergonomics can help prevent joint strain and injury.

“For those already dealing with bone and joint issues, appropriate diagnosis and treatment are vital. Management strategies may include medication, physical therapy, and, in severe cases, surgical interventions,” he said.

Dr Chanda also laid emphasis on the advancements in surgical technology, such as the ROSA Knee System. This robotic surgical assistant aids orthopaedic surgeons in performing total knee arthroplasty, enhancing results.

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