Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore’s much-anticipated return to Earth has been delayed once again, but once they do land, they might face an unusual and lesser-known condition—'baby feet.' This strange phenomenon makes walking uncomfortable and challenging for astronauts after extended stays in space. But what exactly are baby feet, and why does it happen? We got in touch with experts who share their insights on baby feet.

Why Do Astronauts Experience Baby Feet?

In space, astronauts float rather than walk, meaning their feet are not subjected to the usual pressure and friction they experience on Earth. Over time, the thick calluses that develop on the soles to withstand everyday activities begin to soften and peel off. This results in smooth, sensitive feet, resembling those of a baby, hence the name "baby feet."

According to Dr Akhilesh Yadav, Associate Director of Orthopedics and Joint Replacement at Max Hospital Vaishali, the absence of gravitational force prevents the natural buildup of calluses. “Our foot soles develop thick skin due to weight-bearing activities like walking. But in space, since astronauts don’t walk, the thick skin softens and peels off, making their feet extremely delicate when they return to Earth.”

Dr Deepika Tavade, Senior Physiotherapist at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Navi Mumbai, adds that once astronauts return to gravity and start walking again, their feet become highly sensitive. “It takes time for the skin to readjust and regain its resilience, often causing discomfort in the initial weeks post-mission.”

What is Baby Feet?

Dr Akhilesh Yadav explains that baby feet occur when astronauts’ feet become soft and smooth due to prolonged exposure to microgravity. The absence of friction and pressure on the soles prevents the formation of calluses, causing the hardened skin to detach. The result is an extremely tender and sensitive foot surface that takes time to readjust to Earth’s environment.

How Long Does Recovery Take?

Recovery time varies among astronauts, but on average, it takes between a few weeks to a couple of months for the feet to regain their toughness. Walking on firm surfaces and engaging in specific rehabilitation exercises help restore the skin’s resilience and prevent discomfort.

Dr Yadav states, “Regular walking and exercising on solid ground accelerate the process of callus formation, helping astronauts recover faster.”

Dr Tavade adds, “Rehabilitation programs, including physiotherapy and mobility exercises, play a crucial role in helping astronauts regain their normal foot toughness and overall mobility.”

Other Side Effects of Prolonged Space Travel

Apart from baby feet, astronauts experience several physiological changes due to extended periods in space. Some of the most common issues include:

• Muscle and Bone Loss: The reduced use of muscles and bones leads to atrophy and decreased bone density, increasing fracture risks.
• Balance and Coordination Issues: The vestibular system in the inner ear, responsible for balance, is affected, leading to dizziness and difficulty walking.
• Fluid Redistribution: In space, bodily fluids shift upwards, resulting in puffy faces and thinner legs.
• Cardiovascular Changes: The heart undergoes slight shrinkage due to reduced effort in pumping blood.
• Vision Problems: Increased pressure on the optic nerve can lead to temporary or permanent vision changes.
• Psychological Effects: The isolation and confinement of space missions can lead to anxiety, depression, and cognitive changes.

How Do They Recover

Returning to Earth is only the beginning of the recovery process. Astronauts undergo extensive rehabilitation, including strength training, cardiovascular exercises, and psychological support to regain normal function. The transition back to Earth’s gravity is challenging, but with proper medical support, astronauts gradually regain their health and mobility.

For Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore, experiencing baby feet will likely be one of many adjustments they face as they come back to Earth.

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