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Pallavi Mehra • 10 Aug 2024
What Is Black Fungus (Mucormycosis)? Symptoms To Watch Out For
What Is Black Fungus (Mucormycosis)? Symptoms To Watch Out For (Image Credits: Freepik)
Mucormycosis, commonly known as black fungus, has emerged as a significant health threat, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This rare but severe fungal infection, caused by moulds called mucormycetes, has seen a troubling increase in cases, particularly among individuals with pre-existing conditions or those undergoing intensive COVID-19 treatments. Research indicates that the incidence of mucormycosis has surged as a complication of COVID-19, with studies highlighting a 300 per cent increase in cases in some regions compared to pre-pandemic levels.
We got in touch with Dr Mahipal Singh Sachdev (Padma Shree Awardee), Chairman and Managing Director, Center For Sight, New Delhi who shares symptoms, causes and treatment for mucormycosis.
Symptoms of Mucormycosis
Dr Mahipal Singh explains the symptoms of mucormycosis depend on the location of the infection in the body. The fungus most commonly affects the brain, lungs, or sinuses, but it can also involve the skin and other organs.
1. Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis (Sinuses and Brain):
- Facial Swelling: Often on one side, rapidly progressing.
- Persistent Headache: Severe and unresponsive to painkillers.
- Nasal Congestion: Worsening without treatment.
- Black Lesions: On the nasal bridge or upper mouth.
- High-grade fever: Sign of the body fighting the infection.
- Blisters or Ulcers: Blackening due to tissue death.
- Pain and Swelling: Around the infected area.
5. Disseminated Mucormycosis:
- Multiple Organ Failure: Infection spreads throughout the body.
- Mental Changes: Coma or altered consciousness.
Causes of Mucormycosis
Mucormycosis occurs when a person inhales spores from mucormycetes fungi or when the fungus enters the body through skin injuries. Dr Mahipal Singh shares that the main risk factors include:
1. Uncontrolled Diabetes: High blood sugar levels create an environment conducive to fungal growth.
2. COVID-19: Immunosuppressive treatments, including steroids, increase susceptibility.
3. Weakened Immune System: Patients undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplants, or those with conditions like HIV/AIDS.
4. Iron Overload: Excessive iron in the body from repeated blood transfusions or genetic disorders.
Treatment of Mucormycosis
Dr Mahipal Singh shares mucormycosis requires immediate and aggressive treatment, including antifungal medications and surgical intervention.
1. Antifungal Medications:
- Amphotericin B: The primary treatment is administered intravenously.
- Posaconazole and Isavuconazole: Alternatives for those intolerant to amphotericin B.
2. Debridement Surgery:
- Removal of Infected Tissue: Often involves the eyes, nose, or brain to prevent the spread of the fungus.
3. Managing Underlying Conditions:
- Diabetes Control: Strict management of blood sugar levels.
- Reducing Immunosuppression: Lowering the dosage of immunosuppressive drugs when possible.
4. Supportive Care:
- Nutritional Support: Essential for immune function and recovery.
- Routine Monitoring: To manage complications and adjust treatment as needed.
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